Analysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues Essay

ntroduction: James Baldwin, author of Sonny s Blues, once said, I grew up with music...much more than with any other language. In a way, the music I grew up with saved my life (Session 3 Inquiry: Rudolfo Anaya and James Baldwin, 2015). Blues becomes Sonny s drug and his addiction to it his salvation. Even though the adults refrain from lamenting their sufferings directly to the children and telling them about the darkness, the child-narrator still intimates its marks in their faces and responds with fear.These haunting marks of darkness hail the child into the black community at a pre-cognitive, affective level that precedes the child’s grasp of this darkness in its narrative form: he feels the inevitable suffering before he knows what it is. At a distinct moment in the flashback, the child-narrator internalizes the darkness (Claborn, p92 2010). These words are dark, but as you will see soon, so is the world of Sonny s chosen art form of music. Symbolic ice that began the story and from the very beginning music plays a important role in the story often defining the characters or their personalities, as well as the culture of Harlem itself. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is the story of a young man who decides early on that he wants to be a musician. Sonny s brother does not want him to be a musician, but Sonny persists and he is influenced by the jazz musicians of that time, including greats like: Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie who each had their own distinctShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 916 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin’s story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† tells the tale of two African-American brothers trying to survive in 1950s America. Both struggle with darkness in their lives, from drugs to bottling up emotions. The following sources were found Literature Research Center’s website. Each of the four sources will be evaluated for the quality of their in formation, as well as their usefulness on the topic of darkness in â€Å" â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†. Flibbert, Joseph. Sonny s Blues: Overview. Reference Guide to ShortRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 933 Words   |  4 Pagesstory. Blues is a genre of music that is often used to express a sad mood. The contradictory lives of the two brothers contribute to the theme of being safe and take risks. In this story, James Baldwin writes about two brothers who were raised together. As time passed, they separated from one another and lived completely different lives. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin addresses the themes of finding comfort in music, dangers of addiction and the suffering of two brothers. First, Baldwin uses theRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 1578 Words   |  7 PagesJames Baldwin’s short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† was a great tale of the struggles shared between two brothers in Harlem in 1957. This story is about two African American brothers who, unfortunately, grew apart as the aged. The plot shows the struggles the two brothers faced as they grew up in Harlem, and in return, the two drastically different paths they perused. James Baldwin was an African American who grew up in Harlem in the 1930s and 40s. Baldwin was the oldest of nine children, and grew upRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues Essay2104 Words   |  9 PagesSeveral dialectics are at play in James Baldwin’s short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† including a dialectic between the narrator and his beloved brother Sonny involving their opposing responses to the sense of oppression and limitation that arises from living in Har lem. This dialectic and its resolution closely parallel Baldwin’s masterful use of Blues, Jazz, and Gospel music. We follow the narrator and his brother Sonny as they traverse the complexities of their individual and interconnected Harlem livesRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonny s Blue By James Baldwin Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Sonny’s Blue† by James Baldwin is a story about two brothers who grew up in poverty. One brother went on to become a teacher, while the other pursued his dreams to become a musician and finds himself in prison due to drug use. The story begins with the narrator finding out about Sonny’s arrest. It’s easy to see his shock and almost disbelief. It takes the narrator a while to write to Sonny, but eventually he does, and they regain communication with one another after over a year of silence. Sonny is releasedRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 1366 Words   |  6 Pagesand dark ultimately guides Sonny and the narrator in their journey to overcome their internal struggles. In the short story Sonny’s Blues, James Baldwin uses darkness and light to show struggles and, transformation as both brothers teeter between the different shades of the blues, using music as a way to bring them both to redemption. Often times, when light is used in stories, readers can very easily relate the idea to happiness and following the right path. Baldwin uses light to illustrate whatRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 995 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin presents an emotional journey through Harlem in the 1950’s with his short story, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues.† From the beginning, the story is in medias res when the unnamed narrator is informed of bad news concerning his younger, troubled brother, Sonny. Throughout the story there is an ocean of emotions witnessed between these two brothers as they battle hardships from their past and present time. The setting plays an important role in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† to an extent where it is practically a characterRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Sonny s Blue `` By James Baldwin1474 Words   |  6 Pages Music can be the lead to freedom from darkness. The story â€Å"Sonny’s Blue† by James Baldwin takes pl aces in Harlem around the 1950’s. The story is about two brothers. One of the brothers is the narrator of the story whose name is unknown. The narrator tells the story of the struggles in Harlem but mainly the struggles of his brother with drugs, and his passion for jazz music. Through out the story the narrator avoids giving a sense of his own struggles with himself. However, in the end the readerRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny Blues 1753 Words   |  8 Pagesiniquity, gloom, or without light. In the short novel Sonny Blues by James Baldwin, the word â€Å"darkness† appeared frequently throughout the reading. I think the significance of darkness of this particular situation of this book that Baldwin is trying to present is fear and suffering. It shows how the characters are in the state of panic and fear, of the situation they are in and all the sufferings they have to go through. Connecting the Baldwin to the novel, Harlem; where the story takes place isRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 1292 Words   |  6 Pages James Baldwin was raised in poverty in Harlem where, at the age of fourteen, he became a preacher in the Fireside Pentecostal Church. After high school he decided to become a writer and with the help of the black American expatriate writer Richard Wright, won a grant that enabled him to move to Paris, where he lived most of his remaining years. He wrote a variety of novels mostly about the intellectual trials of black men in a white, racist society and homosexual themes. James Baldwin wrote â€Å"Sonny’s

Jane Eyre Essay Free Essays

In the novel Jane Ere, Charlotte Bronze describes and expresses the life of the protagonist, Jane, through the character’s own eyes. As Jane begins to explain her story to the reader, It Is shown fairly quickly that she leads, perhaps not a terrible, but an ill-fated life. Bronze uses this to her full advantage, swirling different styles into the tale through Cane’s sense of self or outlook on the world, her discovery of the truths of her relationships, and the bizarre events that take place over the course of the story. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now These styles are romantic and gothic, and Bronze incorporates aspects from OTOH In her novel in a way that they smoothly advance the story. The style Bronze uses for Jeans personality Is romantic. Bronze gives Jane very romantic character traits. Jane may at first be considered a very common or ordinary person but she is in truth very original, â€Å"[when Rochester expresses his surprise that she is thus]† (). Even Mr.. Rochester, one of the few people she’s become close to, is surprised to discover how unique Cane’s mind is. It Is her mind, in fact, that he comes to love so much. Another clear example of romanticism is how Jane freely expresses herself, â€Å"It was Bessie†¦ UT I did not stir†¦ I was not disposed to care much for the nursemaid’s transitory anger, and I was disposed to bask In her youthful lightness of heart. I just put my two arms around her and said, ‘Come, Bessie! Don’t scold! ‘ the action was†¦ Frank and fearless† (36). Even as a young child Jane was rather bold, and this trait only grew more as she aged. She does not hesitate to express herself even with Mr.. Rochester, who was in a higher social class than herself. Being individual, thoughtful and expressing things freely, which Jane is and does, are all elements of a mantic writing style, clearly showing that Bronze uses this style In her novel. The style Bronze uses for many of the settings In Cane’s life Is gothic. The events and settings that happen throughout Cane’s life tend to have a supernatural or dark feel to them. Shortly after Jane had agreed to marry Mr.. Rochester for the first time there was a great storm, â€Å"It [the chestnut-tree] writhed and groaned†¦ [It] had been struck by lightning†¦ And half of it split away/’ (275-76). This is an example of gothic elements because what happens to the tree represents what Is going to happen In he near future, giving It a supernatural effect. The tree comes to represent Cane’s and Mr.. Rochester relationship: how they part ways, then come back together after a time. The school that Jane goes to as a child and young woman is described as a very gloomy place; the girls at Elwood were forced to go outside for an hour in the cramped garden, where it was so cold that they developed chilblains. After which, there was no solace because the students didn’t have enough food to revive, or fire to warm (59-60). Nearly all the children were hungry and cold; It was not until the bring that It began to get warmer and soul the students were starved. Besides that, an even darker event happened at Elwood – many students, including her friend Helen, die of typhus. The presence of desolation, gloom, and mysterious events all point to Bronze having used gothic traits in her writing. Throughout the novel, Bronze combines both romantic and gothic writing styles. She does this very well, so that the reader doesn’t feel as if the story Is disjointed or awkward. After Jane and Mr.. Rochester’s wedding Is stopped, Mr.. Rochester shows Bertha, who is a schizophrenic. Knowing now that she cannot marry Edward, and she does not want to become his mistress, Jane decides to leave Threefold for good (316-320). The romantic trait of this situation was that Jane decided to leave, even though she really did not want to, because she had to do what was best for her. The gothic aspect was Mr.. Rochester’s wife; a mad-woman who was living in his attic and had tried to kill him multiple times. After about a year, Jane is once more drawn to Mr.. Rochester; Jane hears Mr.. Rochester’s voice call out to her right before she is about to agree to marrying SST. John and decides that night that she will leave SST. John and the others to pursue what she wants, and that is to find out what became of Edward (456-459). The gothic, clearly, is how Jane can hear Mr.. Rochester call out to her even though they are miles and miles apart. The romantic is that, once again, Jane decides on what she is going to do based on what best for her, as an individual. In both of these situations, the romantic and gothic aspects come together and add interest to Bronze’s novel. In conclusion, Charlotte Bronze’s novel, Jane Ere combines romantic and gothic rating styles fluently in order to tell Cane’s story. The romantic elements were usually infused to Cane’s own character; the way she thought, her personality, and the way she lived her life. It was the settings and events that took place, however, that held the gothic elements; Elwood, the storm, Mr.. Rochester’s wife Bertha, and how she came back to Mr.. Rochester himself for Just a few examples. The way Bronze accomplished this feat is what drew in many people to reading, then consequently liking, her works and these affects continues to this day. How to cite Jane Eyre Essay, Essays

Barclays Bank - Regulatory Framework Of Financial Reporting

Question: Discuss the accounting policies of Barclays Bank Plc. Answer: Introduction Barclays is a British multinational financial and banking administrations which has its headquarters within London. The bank has widespread operations in investment and wholesale banking, retail, wealth management, credit cards emulated by mortgage lending. It has operations in atleast 50 nations along with divisions and subsidiaries having almost 48 million clients. In accordance with 31 December 2011 Barclays had complete resources of US$2.42 trillion, the seventh-biggest of any bank around the world (Zineldin, 2012). This particular bank is sorted out inside these business groups: Business and Retail Banking, corporate and investment banking, wealth and investment management. The Corporate and Investment Banking, Wealth and Investment Management group embodies 3 specialties units: Corporate banking; Investment banking and Investment and wealth management. The Business and retail Banking group incorporate 4 specialties units: Business banking and Africa Retail (counting Absa Group); Europe Retail and Business Banking; and UK Retail; Barclaycard (Mastercard and advance procurement); and last but not the least, the business banking (Barclays, 2014). As a centered global bank, Barclays offers an incorporated diverse range of services and products across retail banks, investment banking, wealth management and corpoarte banking. They serve people, little and expansive organizations, enterprises, foundations and governments. Barclays tries to fulfill the needs of their clients and customers by providing a balanced value within an extensive variety of products and services and in this manner convey a smoother cash flow and effective returns. Then again, they don't try to offer all things to all individuals. The competitive advantage of Barclays emerges from the diversity and scale of their business and the quality, relationships and character of their people. The investments within the subsidiaries incorporate Absa Group Limited that is located in South Africa, Barclaycard, Barclays Africa, Barclays Croatia, Barclays France, Barclays India, Barclays Investment Bank, Barclays Private Clients International, Barclays Morocco, Barclay Pakistan, Barclays Partner Finance and etc. Regulatory Framework of Financial Reporting The integrity within the financial statements is supported by the control environment relating to the formation of the annual reports. In such manner, the Committee gives priority to the considertation of the consequences of the evaluations Groups turnbull, its Sarbanes-Oxley s404 inward process related to internal control and the unlucky deficiency of any evidences related to misrepresentation identifying with matters related to financial reporting (Zeff, 2010). The Committee likewise fulfilled itself that there were relevant processes related to verification and standards by which senior administration validated an exactness of the genuine content and a procedure to back up the representations to the external auditors made by the board. It did this by developing arguments over the yields from the Disclosure Committee's audit of the annual statements, incorporating an evaluation of disclosure controls and methodologies, and by requesting that the administration should make a clarifi cation and proof the premise on which the representations were made to the auditors (Garrett, 2014). The Disclosure Committee is an administration advisory group, led by the Director of the Group Finance, who makes a consideration of the content, exactness and disclosure tone, reporting its decisions to the Board Audit Committee and Executive Group Committee. The Committee also made a consideration of the reports from the inward and external auditor identifying with these viewpoints. Likewise, the control isssues in the IT environment are also discussed by the Committee, which are liable to plans related to remediation. Extra measures have been taken, including compensation controls, to guarantee that the controls over the frameworks supporting the money related reporting methods can be depended upon (Graham, 2010). The Committee was fulfilled, given the consequences of the testing of the controls related to compensating, that the respectability of the financial control environment was relevant. One other real component of the process related to financial reporting incorporates the key estimates and assumptions or judgments that definitely must be made. In front of publication of the half-year and entire year comes about, the Committee makes an analysis in detail the principle assumptions and judgements made by administration. There is an additional consideration as to whether, in those ranges where the policy is associated to the accounting decisions may be made, suitable approaches had been chosen. The prudent judgement judgments have been made as to financial reporting, that the financial statements give a genuine and reasonable perspective of the financial position of the company and that the analysis is made on an independent basis by the auditors in the interest of their owners is both effective and objective. Likewise, the Committee also discusses about control issues in the IT environment, which are liable to plans related to remediation (Dunn, 2013). The Disclosure Committee is an administration advisory group, led by the Group Finance Director, which considers the content, exactness and tone of the disclosures, reporting its decisions to the Group Executive Committee and the Board Audit Committee. The Committee additionally considered reports from the inward and external auditor identifying with these viewpoints. Accounting Policies The carrying value of goodwill is determined as per IFRS 3 Business Combinations IAS 36 Impairment of Assets. The Goodwill evolves on the acquisition of joint ventures and associates, subsidiaries, and signifies to the overabundance of the FV i.e. purchase faire value and acquisition thought over the FV of the Group's share of the assets gained and the liabilities and unexpected liabilities accepted on the date of the obtaining. Goodwill is looked into every year for impedance, or all the more much of the time when there are signs that impairment may have happened. This is further illustrated below: The test includes contrasting the carrying value of goodwill and the present estimation of the pretax CFs i.e. cash flows, marked down at an interest rate that mirrors the innate risks, of the (CGU) i.e. cash generation unit to which the goodwill relates, or the fair value of Cash Generation Unit if it is higher. If any other company within the same industry is to be compared in accordance with the impairment of assets and goodwill, then the Royal Bank of Scotland can be a better option here (Barclays , 2013). The intangible assets incorporate goodwill emerging on the acquisition of joint ventures and subsidiaries. Goodwill on the acquisition of a subsidiary is the overabundance of the FVof the transferred consideration, the FV of any current interest for the subsidiary and the measure of any non-controlling interest measured either at its share of the subsidiary's net resources over the Group's interest for the net FV of the subsidiary's identifiable resources, liabilities and unfor eseen liabilities. Goodwill emerges on the acquisition of a joint venture when the investment cost surpasses the share of the group of the net fair value of the joint venture's identifiable resources and liabilities. Goodwill is measured at starting cost less any resulting losses impairment. Goodwill emerging on the acquisition of associates is incorporated inside their carrying amounts. The increase or loss on the disposal of joint venture, associate and subsidiary incorporates the carrying value of any related goodwill. The internally generated goodwill and brands is written off when they are incurred. Direct expenses identifying with the development of inward utilize a software that are promoted once specialized plausibility and financial feasibility have been made. These expenses incorporate finance, the expenses of materials and administrations, and specifically attributable overheads. Capitalization of expenses stops when the product is fit for working as proposed (Clark, 2012 ). Amid and after improvement, accumulated expenses are surveyed for disability against the advantages that the product is required to produce. Expenses brought about before the foundation of specialized feasibility and financial practicality are expensed as acquired similar to every single preparing cost and general overheads. The expenses of licenses to utilize PC programming that are relied upon to create economic advantages past one year also gets capitalized. Financial Instruments The financial instruments of the company include Corporate bonds, Government Bonds, Equities, Asset backed securities, Commercial real estate loans etc. The financial risks faced by the company include the following: A credit risk is the measure of potential for default that is intrinsic in a given extension of credit or debt investment. A bank or a financial specialist in different sorts of bonds conveys a level of credit risk on any conductance of transaction. Evaluating the level of risk included is fundamental before finishing any sort of lending or investment transaction Funding risk is the likelihood that a business may not have entry to the financing it needs at a moderate rate. Regularly, a strategies for success to utilize a blend of equity and credit financing to finance its operations. The expense of financing is the interest that the organization needs to pay to secure the external funds. A business can just envision the future interest rate on a wellspring of funds. The risk that the credit business may change and funds get to be more lavish is the subsidizing risk in a business' financing arrangement (Chisnall, 2012). Market risk is the normal risk connected with the estimation of a group of assets or ventures. A speculation's worth is liable to the financial changes and events of the marketplace. Hence, huge positive or negative changes in the business sector might seriously affect the estimation of investments or assets held by organizations or people. A case of this on a vast scale is the U.S. lodging rise of 2005-2008; sub-prime home loans kept in touch with people not able to reimburse the credits conveyed high hazard for loan specialists. The bubble burst that gets to be unsustainable, setting off a major financial collapse in the mortgage and banking industries. Measures The following measures were taken by Barclays for managing the risk mentioned above. Asked for particular reports and analysis on these matters assessed the potential effect on financing expenses and streams of a credit rating agency minimization, given the loss of sovereign support scoring and potential administration activities to keep up the liquidity scope Assessed the potential effect on planned deposit balance of an increment in interest rates and accessible administration activities. Followed advancement against target capital and influence degrees and accessible administration activities to accomplish the target, debating normal reports from Barclays' Treasurer. Evaluated the quality of risk set up to guarantee that growth remains inside the risk appetite. Accounting policies of the company to recognise post-employment benefits The incentives for an employee incorporate shares and shares option, and also offering representatives the chance to purchase shares on positive terms. The expense associated with representative services got in admiration of the shares or offer alternatives conceded is perceived in accordance with the pay explanation over the period that employees give services, by and large the period between the date the grant is allowed or advised and the date for vesting of the options or shares. The general expense of the award is computed utilizing the quantity of shares and options anticipated that would vest and the FV of the shares or alternatives at the grant date(Barclays, 2014). The quantity of options and shares anticipated that would vest considers the probability that service and performance terms that are incorporated in the conditions of the award will be met. Inability to meet the non-vesting condition is dealt with as a cancellation, bringing about a speeding up of recognition of the expense of the employee services. The reasonable estimation of shares is the business sector value administering on the date of grant, now and again changed in accordance with transfer-ability restrictions. The FV of granted options is resolved utilizing alternative models being estimated to gauge the quantities of shares prone to vesting. These consider the options exercise price, the current offer value, the rate of interest that is risk free, the normal instability of the offer cost over the life of the alternative and other significant components. Economic situations that must be met in place for the award to vest are likewise reflected in the FV of the award, just li ke some other non-vesting conditions , for example, keeping on making installments into a share based scheme related to savings. Different employee benefits trusts secured by the Group hold shares in Barclays PLC to meet commitments under the Barclays offer based installment plans. The total number of Barclays shares held in these employee benefit trusts at 31 December 2014 was 5.2 million (2013: 3.2 million). Profit rights have been waived on these shares. The aggregate market value of the shares held in trust in view of the year end share price of 2.43 (2013: 2.72) was 12.6m (2013: 8.7m). This is further illustrated below: References Barclays , 2013. Barclays Annual Report 2013, s.l.: Barclays. Barclays, 2014. Barclays Annual Report 2014, s.l.: Barclays. Chisnall, P., 2012. The way ahead on financial instruments: the banks have their say. Balance Sheet, 9(4), pp. 11-21. Clark, K. N., 2012. The Effects of Sarbanes Oxley on Current Financial Reporting Standards, s.l.: Liberty University. Dunn, P., 2013. The Impact of Insider Power on Fraudulent Financial Reporting. Journal of Management, 30(3), pp. 397-412. Garrett, J., 2014. Trust and Financial Reporting Quality. Journal of Accounting Research, 52(5), pp. 1087-1125. Graham, J. R., 2010. The economic implications of corporate financial reporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 40(5), pp. 3-73. Zeff, S. A., 2010. Some obstacles to global financial reporting comparability and convergence at a high level of quality. The British Accounting Review, 39(2), pp. 290-302. Zineldin, M., 2012. Bank strategic positioning and some determinants of bank selection. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 14(6), pp. 12-22.